Free sample. This preview shows 1 of 5 indicator(s) and 3 of 20 economies, and omits the share, trend, momentum and full year-by-year sections. The complete report is at GET /report/shock-brexit for a small USDC payment over x402, as HTML, JSON or CSV. A free machine-readable cross-section is at GET /preview/shock-brexit.

Brexit Transition Snapshot — 2016-2020, 20 Economies — free sample

Generated: 2026-09-29T07:36:42.673Z | Range: 2016–2020 | Source: World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0)

Key findings

This report covers 3 economies and 1 indicator over 2016–2020, containing 15 published observations (100% of the 15 requested year × economy cells). Every figure is reproduced from World Bank Open Data and recomputed into growth, share, trend-fit, momentum, volatility, concentration and data-quality views. Values are also available as JSON and CSV from the same endpoint.

Coverage is 100% of the requested grid (15 of 15 economy-year cells across 1 indicator × 3 economies).
Widest rate spread: GDP growth (annual %) differs by 6.6 pp across economies (China vs Japan).

Indicator	Rank 1	Latest value	CAGR / period avg	Trend	Economies	Latest yr
GDP growth (annual %)	China	2.34	5.77%	-0.97 pp	3	2020

GDP growth (annual %)

Latest reading is highest in China at 2.34% and lowest in Japan at -4.28%. Period average is 2.34%, with a cross-economy spread of 6.62 percentage points. This is a rate of change rather than a level, so compound growth and a growth index are not defined for it; the trend is reported in percentage points per year. Fitted trend is steepest upward in United States (-0.77 pp/yr, percentage points per year, R² 0.343) and weakest in Japan (-1.19 pp/yr, R² 0.649). 3 economies covered; latest observation year 2020.

Latest reading, by economy

Ranked detail

Group average over the period: 2.34%. Cross-economy spread of the latest reading: 6.62 percentage points. A rate of change has no compound growth rate, so none is reported.

#	Economy	Latest	Period avg	Trend pp/yr	Pctile
1	China	2.34	5.77	-0.97	100
2	United States	-2.08	1.55	-0.77	67
3	Japan	-4.28	-0.286	-1.19	33

Period average is the mean of the annual readings across the covered years. Trend pp/yr is the ordinary-least-squares slope in percentage points per year — the unit this indicator is already measured in. Percentile ranks this economy within the covered group.

Trend and dynamics

Economy	Trend pp/yr	Trend R²	Momentum	Half-period shift	Volatility	Latest YoY	Peak / trough yr	Outlier years
China	-0.97	0.62	—	—	29.4	-61.4%	2017 / 2020	—
United States	-0.77	0.34	—	—	99.5	-180.6%	2018 / 2020	—
Japan	-1.19	0.65	—	—	644.7	-1288.4%	2017 / 2020	—

Trend is the ordinary-least-squares fit of value on year, reported with its R² — how much of the movement the straight line explains, in percentage points per year because this series is already a rate. Momentum is the mean change of the last three years minus the mean of the three before it, in percentage points. Half-period shift compares the second half of the window against the first. Volatility is the standard deviation of year-over-year change. Outlier years exceed 2.5 standard deviations from that economy's own average change.

Data quality

Economy	Published	Expected	Coverage	Span	Missing years
China	5	5	100%	2016–2020	—
United States	5	5	100%	2016–2020	—
Japan	5	5	100%	2016–2020	—

Full year-by-year data

Economy	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
China	6.77	6.89	6.76	6.07	2.34
United States	1.82	2.46	2.97	2.58	-2.08
Japan	0.705	1.62	0.834	-0.308	-4.28

MethodologySeries are pulled from the official source API and null observations dropped. CAGR = (end/start)^(1/years) − 1. Index uses the first year of the range as 100. Trend is an OLS fit of value on year, reported as a percentage of the period mean alongside its R². Volatility = standard deviation of year-over-year percentage change (percentage points). Momentum compares the last three years against the three before. Share = economy value ÷ sum of the covered economies. HHI = sum of squared shares; its reciprocal estimates the number of evenly sized economies. Cross-indicator correlation is Pearson's r on pooled year-over-year changes.
CoverageRequested: 1 indicator(s) × 3 economies × 5 years = 15 cells; published: 15 (100.0%). Sparse indicators are declared in the Data quality section of each indicator.
FormatsThis document is the HTML delivery. Append ?format=json for the full structured payload (series plus every derived metric) or ?format=csv for the tidy long-format panel. The JSON schema is published at /schema/report.json.
LicenceData © World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0), attribution required. Generated by an automated pipeline; research reference only, not investment advice.
DisclaimerValues are reproduced as published by the source; some years may be estimates, nowcasts or subsequently revised figures. Correlations are descriptive statistics, not causal claims.